Parkinson's Disease (Jan 2023)

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group

  • Diego Santos-García,
  • Teresa de Deus Fonticoba,
  • Carlos Cores Bartolomé,
  • Maria J. Feal Painceiras,
  • Maria Cristina Íñiguez-Alvarado,
  • Silvia Jesús,
  • Maria Teresa Buongiorno,
  • Lluís Planellas,
  • Marina Cosgaya,
  • Juan García Caldentey,
  • Nuria Caballol,
  • Ines Legarda,
  • Jorge Hernández Vara,
  • Iria Cabo,
  • Lydia López Manzanares,
  • Isabel González Aramburu,
  • Maria A. Ávila Rivera,
  • Víctor Gómez Mayordomo,
  • Víctor Nogueira,
  • Víctor Puente,
  • Julio Dotor García-Soto,
  • Carmen Borrué,
  • Berta Solano Vila,
  • María Álvarez Sauco,
  • Lydia Vela,
  • Sonia Escalante,
  • Esther Cubo,
  • Francisco Carrillo Padilla,
  • Juan C. Martínez Castrillo,
  • Pilar Sánchez Alonso,
  • Maria G. Alonso Losada,
  • Nuria López Ariztegui,
  • Itziar Gastón,
  • Jaime Kulisevsky,
  • Marta Blázquez Estrada,
  • Manuel Seijo,
  • Javier Rúiz Martínez,
  • Caridad Valero,
  • Mónica Kurtis,
  • Oriol de Fábregues,
  • Jessica González Ardura,
  • Ruben Alonso Redondo,
  • Carlos Ordás,
  • Luis M. L. López Díaz,
  • Darrian McAfee,
  • Pablo Martinez-Martin,
  • Pablo Mir,
  • Study Group COPPADIS

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3104425
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 2023

Abstract

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Introduction. Drooling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients. Patients and Methods. PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year ± 30-day follow-up (V2) from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study. Subjects were classified as with or without drooling according to item 19 of the NMSS (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale) at V0, V1 (1-year ± 15 days), and V2 for patients and at V0 and V2 for controls. Results. The frequency of drooling in PD patients was 40.1% (277/691) at V0 (2.4% (5/201) in controls; p < 0.0001), 43.7% (264/604) at V1, and 48.2% (242/502) at V2 (3.2% (4/124) in controls; p < 0.0001), with a period prevalence of 63.6% (306/481). Being older (OR = 1.032; p = 0.012), being male (OR = 2.333; p < 0.0001), having greater nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden at the baseline (NMSS total score at V0; OR = 1.020; p < 0.0001), and having a greater increase in the NMS burden from V0 to V2 (change in the NMSS total score from V0 to V2; OR = 1.012; p < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of drooling after the 2-year follow-up. Similar results were observed in the group of patients with ≤2 years since symptom onset, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.6% and a higher score on the UPDRS-III at V0 (OR = 1.121; p = 0.007) as a predictor of drooling at V2. Conclusion. Drooling is frequent in PD patients even at the initial onset of the disease and is associated with a greater motor severity and NMS burden.