ANALYSE CRITIQUE DES MODELES TERRITORIAUX D’INNOVATION, EN FRANCE, DEPUIS L’IMPLANTATION DES POLES DE COMPETITIVITE, JUSQU’A LA CREATION DES LIVINGS LABS

Abstract

This paper makes a critical analysis of the existence and evolution of territorial models of innovation in France from the implementation of competitiveness clusters, to the creation of Livings Labs. These approaches intend to boost the development of new innovative sectors as a support of a territory by creating synergy between the stakeholders. However, the Livings Labs, recently set up, allow people to invent new modes of exchange, public services and links between companies and the inhabitants of a territory, elements attributable to competitive clusters. The Livings Lab approach therefore acts as a connecting agent in helping to meet the new challenges of the territories, while placing users at the heart of the approach. Thus, unlike with clusters, within a Livings Lab users become co-designers, and co-producers of services they ultimately benefit themselves.

Keywords

• clusters, competitive clusters, living lab, innovation, users.