The Productivity of Spring Wheat when Using Biological Drugs and Organic Fertilizers

Abstract

The studies were carried out with the aim of developing recommendations for the environmentally safe and effective use of organic fertilizers and increasing the productivity of grain-fallow crop rotation in the landscape agriculture in the Volga region. The effectiveness of organic fertilizers and biological products was studied on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The crop rotation involved the 7-field grain-fallow with the following alternation of crops: pure fallow – winter wheat – spring wheat – peas – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley. The repetition was fourfold, the plot area was 100 m2. Meteorological conditions were favorable, the hydrothermal coefficient was 1.1–1.2. The experiment scheme included the following options: 1 – without fertilizers (control); 2 – N140P95K175 (equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure); 3 – manure, 25 t/ha; 4 – manure, 50 t/ha; 5 – sewage sludge in a dose equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure (OSV-1); 6 – sewage sludge in a dose equivalent to 50 t/ha of manure (OSV-2); 7 – green manure (equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure); 8 – straw, 5 t/ha + N115 (equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure); 9 – pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Rhizoagrin (background); 10 – background + N140P95K175 (equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure); 11 – background + manure, 25 t/ha; 12 – background + manure, 50 t/ha; 13 – background + OSV-1; 14 – background + OSV-2; 15 – background + siderat; 16 – background + straw, 5 t/ha + N115 (equivalent to 25 t/ha of manure). Studies have established that organic fertilizers and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Rhizoagrin increase the accumulation of stubble-root residues, straw, nitrogen content and yield of spring wheat. The greatest input of nutrients into the soil with POC and high productivity of spring wheat were facilitated by the aftereffect of sewage sludge and manure in increased doses in combination with pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizoagrin.