Recent advances in high‐loading catalysts for low‐temperature fuel cells: From nanoparticle to single atom
Lixiao Shen,
Miao Ma,
Fengdi Tu,
Zigang Zhao,
Yunfei Xia,
Kokswee Goh,
Lei Zhao,
Zhenbo Wang,
Guangjie Shao
Affiliations
Lixiao Shen
College of Environment and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep‐Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Yanshan University Qinhuangdao P. R. China
Miao Ma
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Fengdi Tu
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Zigang Zhao
College of Environment and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep‐Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Yanshan University Qinhuangdao P. R. China
Yunfei Xia
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Kokswee Goh
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Lei Zhao
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Zhenbo Wang
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P. R. China
Guangjie Shao
College of Environment and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep‐Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse Yanshan University Qinhuangdao P. R. China
Abstract Low‐temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising power sources for widespread application in sustainable and renewable energy conversion technologies. Although remarkable advances have been made in the mass activity of catalysts, mass transport impedance needs to be urgently addressed at a well‐designed membrane electrode assembly (MEA) scale. Increasing the loading of electrocatalysts is conducive to prepare thinner and more efficient MEAs owing to the resulting enhanced reactant permeability, better proton diffusion, and lower electrical resistance. Herein, recent progress in high‐loading (≥40 wt.%) Pt nanoparticle catalysts (NPCs) and high‐loading (≥2 wt.%) single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for LTFC applications are reviewed. A summary of various synthetic approaches and support materials for high‐loading Pt NPCs and SACs is systematically presented. The influences of high surface area and appropriate surface functionalization for Pt NPCs, as well as coordination environment, spatial confinement effect, and strong metal‐support interactions (SMSI) for SACs are highlighted. Additionally, this review presents some ideas regarding challenges and future opportunities of high‐loading catalysts in the application of LTFCs.
