Biosorption of Malachite Green from Aqueous Phase by Tamarind Fruit Shells Using FBR

Abstract

The aim of this research is to remove malachite green (MG) from a created water environment utilising tamarind fruit shell (TFS) and a fixed-bed reactor (FBR) technology at room temperature. Biosorption is the finest method for dye removal among the several approaches available. It produces excellent results and may be used to remove a wide range of colouring components. It is used to weigh different options for firm things. The option which balances other ones on various counts is the finest one. Various studies have found that eating malachite green-contaminated fish poses a major health risk to people. From the FBR studies, the effect of various factors such as flow rate, initial sorbate concentration, biosorbent size, and bed depth on breakthrough of MG is assessed. The study was carried out to fix the flow rates. This is done by varying the biosorbent size with constant bed depth of 30 cm. The trend in flow rate variation appears to be similar for 0.33 and 0.6 mm sizes, whereas for 0.13 mm size, it is slightly different. The head loss and swelling of TFS particles are insignificant, during the fixed-bed studies. It is estimated that 30.9 T of crude TFS is required to get 8300 kg of 0.6 mm size of TFS. The service time obtained from design was more than the experimental breakthrough time, and calculated bed efficiency was >90%. The biosorption of MG by TFS can be well explained by the BDST approach. Acid regenerants such as 0.5 N H2SO4 and 0.5 N HCl can satisfactorily regenerate the spent TFS in the FBR system, with 0.5 N HCl being a better one.