中西医结合护理 (Nov 2024)
A qualitative study on health education knowledge demands of patients after gastric cancer surgery before discharge (胃癌术后患者出院前健康教育知识需求的质性研究)
Abstract
Objective To investigate the health education knowledge demands of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery before their discharge from the hospital. Methods An interview outline was developed based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The purposive sampling method was used to select 12 patients admitted to the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2024 to March 2024 for semi-structured interviews, and Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological data analysis method was used for analysis. Results Patients who were about to be discharged after undergoing gastric cancer surgery had demands for health education knowledge in five aspects, namely physiological, safety, love and belonging, respect, and self-actualization. Physiologically, the focus was on diet (types of food, amount of intake, and eating methods), wound care, and mobility. In terms of safety, attention was paid to the responses to changes in the condition, complications, the frequency of follow-up visits, and precautions. Psychologically, some patients felt stressed due to their illness. At the level of respect, some patients expected to maintain continuous communication with medical staff. In terms of self-actualization, they were concerned about their ability to return to work or normal life. Conclusion The physiological and safety needs of patients after gastric cancer surgery were prominent, and more than half of the patients had psychological needs (such as the needs for respect and self-actualization). It is recommended that nursing staff should provide individualized nursing based on the specific needs of patients and offer targeted health education and support to facilitate the rehabilitation process. This study also provides reference ideas for future related research in aspects such as regions, populations, and research contents. (目的 调查胃癌术后患者在出院前对于健康教育知识的需求。方法 基于马斯洛的需要层次理论拟定访谈提纲。采用目的抽样的方法, 抽取2024年3月—5月中山大学附属第一医院胃肠外科收治的患者, 以资料饱和为标准, 最终选取12例患者进行半结构化访谈, 采用Colaizzi七步现象学资料分析法进行分析。结果 胃癌术后即将出院患者在生理、安全、爱与归属、尊重、自我实现五个方面有健康教育知识需求。生理上集中于饮食(食物种类、摄入量、进食方式)、伤口护理与活动能力; 安全方面关注病情变化应对、并发症、复诊频率及注意事项; 心理上部分患者因病情有压力; 尊重层面部分患者期望与医护持续沟通; 自我实现方面关心回归工作或正常生活。结论 胃癌术后患者生理与安全需求突出, 超半数患者有心理需求(尊重、自我实现等)。建议护理人员依据患者具体需求给予个性化护理, 提供针对性健康教育与支持助力康复。本研究也为后续相关研究在地区、人群、内容等方面提供参考思路。)
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