Optimising remote site airway management kit dump using the SCRAM bag—a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Abstract Background Emergency airway management may be required at any hospital location. Remote site management is associated with increased airway morbidity and mortality. Poor planning and interrupted workflow are significant contributors. Equipment may be unfamiliar, difficult to locate or inadequate. The SCRAM (Structured CRitical Airway Management) bag aims to provide a portable, structured and reproducible approach to airway management preparation. We hypothesised that SCRAM bag use reduces equipment preparation time, the rate of error and operator cognitive load. Methods Fifty experienced anaesthetists were randomised into two groups and asked to prepare (kit dump) for and manage a simulated remote site difficult airway scenario. The control group (n = 25) used a standard resuscitation trolley while the experimental group used the SCRAM bag (n = 25). The primary outcome was time taken to kit dump completion (seconds). Secondary outcomes were the number of errors and self-reported difficulty (100 mm visual analogue scale). Results Using the SCRAM bag, a 29% reduction in kit dump time (111.7 ± 29.5 vs 156.7 ± 45.1, p = 0.0001) was noted. Participants using the SCRAM bag reported it to be less challenging to use (18.36 ± 16.4 mm vs 50.64 ± 22.9 mm, p < 0.001), and significantly fewer errors were noted (1 (IQR 1–3) vs 8 (IQR 5–9), p = 0.03) (87.5% reduction in the total number of errors). Conclusion The SCRAM bag facilitates a quicker, less challenging kit dump with significantly fewer errors. We propose that this would reduce delay to airway management, reduce cognitive load and provide an improved capability to manage anticipated and unanticipated airway events.

Keywords

• Airway
• Human factors
• Kit dump
• Remote site