Review of Low-Carbon Co-Optimization Research on Demand-Side Flexibility Resources for New Power Systems

Abstract

[Objective] Reducing carbon emissions is a key measure in addressing the global challenge of climate change. While carbon emissions are generated directly on the energy supply side， demand drives carbon emissions on the supply side， thus making it particularly important to regulate demand-side flexible resources from a demand-side perspective to achieve green and low-carbon energy use. During optimal low-carbon operation of the new power system， accurate measurement of carbon emissions from various devices is a prerequisite for regulatory benefit calculations. Accurate modeling of the stable aggregation of high-uncertainty resources with marginal carbon reduction benefits is crucial for low-carbon optimization. Understanding the change mechanism in a region where the two goals of the economy and carbon emission reduction are consistent is an objective requirement for low-carbon optimization. The reasonable design of the market operation mechanism， user behavior model， and price formation mechanism motivates massive demand-side flexibility resources to actively participate in low-carbon optimization. [Methods] This study explores flexible regulation capabilities on the demand side， focusing on key technologies for utilizing demand-side resources， and reviews existing research from four perspectives： 1） carbon emission measurement of flexible demand-side resources， 2） aggregation and adjustable potential assessment of these resources， 3） low-carbon optimization of new power systems incorporating flexible resources， and 4） participation of flexible resources in electricity-carbon coupled markets. Finally， this study identifies current research gaps and outlines potential future research directions to address these deficiencies. [Conclusions] This study provides readers with a concise guide to quickly grasp the key concepts and latest achievements in this research field， thereby driving innovation in areas such as carbon emission quantification of demand-side flexibility resources， resource aggregation， adjustable-potential assessment， optimization strategies， and market mechanisms.

Keywords

• new power system|demand side flexibility resources|low carbon operation|carbon reduction potential