Guardians of autonomy: A comparative analysis of safeguarding independent self-employed workers in Indonesia and Europe

Abstract

AbstractThis article aimed to understand better the emergence of dependent self-employment and the implications this trend may have for workers’ rights and protection in the modern era of the gig economy, particularly in Europe and Indonesia. In addition, this research aims to describe the idea of workers’ protection for dependent self-employment in the modern era of the gig economy. According to the information presented in this article, the ‘gig economy and the new type of employees known as development-dependent self-employed individuals are strongly connected. Nevertheless, dependent self-employment is incorrectly categorised due to its position ambiguity. As a result of the error in classification, dependent self-employed people have less access to social and health protection. They are more likely to be subjected to a variety of precarious working conditions compared to other dependent self-employed people who have dependent employment.

Keywords

• dependent self-employed
• worker’s protection
• gig economy
• Indonesia
• Europe