Intestinal mucin-type O-glycans: the major players in the host-bacteria-rotavirus interactions
S.A. Raev,
J.O. Amimo,
L.J. Saif,
A.N. Vlasova
Affiliations
S.A. Raev
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
J.O. Amimo
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
L.J. Saif
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
A.N. Vlasova
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
ABSTRACTRotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans terminating in sialic acids (SAs) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) surface have been recognized to act as attachment sites for RV. IECs are protected by the double layer of mucus of which O-glycans (including HBGAs and SAs) are a major organic component. Luminal mucins, as well as bacterial glycans, can act as decoy molecules removing RV particles from the gut. The composition of the intestinal mucus is regulated by complex O-glycan-specific interactions among the gut microbiota, RV and the host. In this review, we highlight O-glycan-mediated interactions within the intestinal lumen prior to RV attachment to IECs. A better understanding of the role of mucus is essential for the development of alternative therapeutic tools including the use of pre- and probiotics to control RV infection.
