Intracellular Accumulation as an Indicator of Cytotoxicity to Screen Hepatotoxic Components of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. by LC–MS/MS

Abstract

A novel strategy was developed to identify hepatotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It is based on the exposure of HL-7702 cells to a TCM extract, followed by the identification and further determination of potential hepatotoxic compounds accumulated in the cells by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). As a case study, potential hepatotoxic components in Chelidonium majus L. were screened out. Five alkaloids (sanguinarine, coptisine, chelerythrine, protopine, and chelidonine) were identified by LC−MS/MS within 10 min, and their intracellular concentrations were first simultaneously measured by LC−MS/MS with a run time of 4 min. A cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of each alkaloid. With their higher intracellular concentrations, sanguinarine, coptisine, and chelerythrine were identified as the main hepatotoxic constituents in Ch. majus. The study provides a powerful tool for the fast prediction of cytotoxic components in complex natural mixtures on a high-throughput basis.

Keywords

• intracellular accumulation
• LC–MS/MS
• alkaloids
• hepatotoxicity
• <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L.
• cytotoxicity