A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Infection and Comorbidities of Various Organs

Abstract

In the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, underlying diseases such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, liver and kidney disease or malignancies, have a critical prognostic role for these patients. Due to the increased risk of mortality in patients with established or new-onset comorbidities, we decided to conduct a study to further investigate the possible comorbidities and treatment recommendations of COVID-19. All articles published by March 25, 2020, on the new coronavirus infection were reviewed and for cutaneous manifestation as a new emerging concern, by April 25, 2020. ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed databases were searched, and keywords such as "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "Coronavirus2019", "SARS-CoV-2”, and "comorbidity" have been used. The most important comorbidity in elderly patients with confirmedCOVID-19 was cardiovascular disease, followed by diabetes and chronic respiratory disease, respectively, and on the other hand, COVID-19 itself could cause acute heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin disease. Also, the prevalence of underlying diseases in dead patients or patients with severe COVID-19 is higher than the others. Considering treatment, drug interactions, and careful drug adjustment based on hepatic and renal metabolism are essential. The results of this study showed that the mortality rate and ICU admission in people with the underlying disease is higher than in other people. Also, we must pay attention to the possible multi-organ damages and comorbidities for the protection and successful treatment of COVID-19. There are some comorbidities like primary cutaneous manifestations that may have diagnostic or prognostic values in the COVID-19 course.

Keywords

• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
• 2019 Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
• Coronavirus 2019
• Comorbidity
• Pulmonary
• Cardiac