The Inner Disk Rim of HD 163296: Linking Radiative Hydrostatic Models with Infrared Interferometry

Abstract

Previous studies of the protoplanetary disk HD 163296 revealed that the morphology of its sub-au infrared emission encompasses the terminal sublimation front of dust grains, referred to as the inner rim, but also extends into the (supposedly) dust-free region within it. Here, we present a set of radiative hydrostatic simulations of the inner rim in order to assess how much the rim alone can contribute to the observed interferometric visibilities V , half-light radii R _hl , and fractional disk fluxes ${ \mathcal F }$ in the wavelength range 1.5–13 μ m. In our set of models, we regulate the cooling efficiency of the disk via the boundary condition for radiation diffusion and we also modify the shape of the sublimation front. We find that when the cooling efficiency is reduced, the infrared photosphere at the rim becomes hotter, leading to an increase in R _hl sufficient to match the observations. However, the near-infrared disk flux is typically too low ( ${ \mathcal F }\simeq 0.25$ at 1.5 μ m), resulting in H -band visibility curves located above the observed data. We show that the match to the H -band observations up to moderate baselines can be improved when a wall-shaped rather than curved sublimation front is considered. Nevertheless, our model visibilities always exhibit a bounce at long baselines, which is not observed, confirming the need for additional emission interior to the rim. In summary, our study illustrates how the temperature structure and geometry of the inner rim need to change in order to boost the rim’s infrared emission.

Keywords

• Protoplanetary disks
• Planet formation
• Radiative transfer
• Interferometry
• Exoplanets