Heliyon (Sep 2024)
Psychosocial determinants of academic achievement in Ethiopian higher education students, 2024. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Introduction: Ethiopian students' academic achievement goes beyond just cognitive ability. It is interwoven with psychological and social factors. This analysis examines how these interconnected dimensions, including behaviour, emotions, and mental well-being, influence academic attainment. By revealing the multifaceted factors that shape student well-being and success, this review highlights their critical role in the higher education landscape. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to contribute to the academic literature by exploring the psychosocial factors affecting the academic achievement of Ethiopian higher education students. It leveraged a diverse array of scholarly databases, and adherence to recommended reporting guidelines ensured methodological rigor and transparency throughout the investigation. Result: This systematic review synthesizes findings from 14 high-quality Ethiopian cross-sectional studies assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The overall pooled mean grade point average of respondents was 3.04, [(95 % CI: 2.75, 3.32), I2 = 0.00 %, P < 0.001)]. The pooled odds ratio psychosocial predictors of academic achievement was 0.47, [(95 % CI: 0.46, 0.48), I2 = 0.00 %, P = 0.001)]. The study explored factors affecting academic achievement, including psychological (sleep, stress, self-esteem) and sociological factors (social media, financial hardship, social support). The review found that these factors emerged as significant influences, highlighting the multifaceted nature of academic success. Conclusion: This synthesized study champions a holistic approach to education, urging the integration of academic progress and student well-being. It emphasizes interventions in mental health, social support, and resource access, and acknowledge their multifaceted impact on learning. In addition, it would be better to build inclusive environments with the involvement of educators and policymakers to optimize the academic success of higher education students.
