Palm oil mill effluent degradation by a novel strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from contaminated environment

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has a high concentration of organic matter and total suspended solids. However, improper disposal of oil refining wastes containing oils, fats, and sludge can cause environmental damage and harm human health due to their toxic, carcinogenic, and polluting effects. This research was carried out to solve the harmful effects caused by the release of POME to the environment. The goal of this study was to isolate a naturally occurring bacterium that could degrade POME and use it as a single carbon source. Bacteria were isolated from POME-contaminated medium using an enrichment technique. Judging by 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing, morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification methods, the isolated bacteria was identified as a novel Bacillus sp. The effects of substrate concentration, inoculum size, pH, temperature, and incubation time on the bacterial growth were investigated using a ''one factor at a time'' (OFAT) approach. The optimal conditions for the bacterium's growth were found to be pH 7.5, 35 °C, 20 % v/v substrate concentration, 6 % v/v inoculum size, and 96 hours of incubation. The isolate is capable of reducing 84 % of COD and 91 % of BOD from a POME sample. The high degradation potential of POME by the isolate suggests it can be used as a good option for bioremediation of POME-polluted areas.

Keywords

• Palm oil mill effluent
• Environmental sustainability
• Degradation
• Bacteria
• Bioremediation
• Sustainable development goals (SDGs)