Latent tuberculosis in migrants travelling through the northeast regions of Mexico

Abstract

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects nearly a quarter of the global population. Public health interventions aimed at interrupting tuberculosis transmission do not routinely include systematic screening of migrant populations for LTBI in Mexico, nor other high-income countries. However, early detection and treatment of LTBI in immigrant populations from high-burden countries are recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of migrants with LTBI in shelters in northeastern Mexico. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were obtained from 455 migrants living in shelters in northeastern Mexico during January 2017 to October 2019. LTBI was diagnosed using the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus test. Results: Most of the migrants evaluated in this study were from Honduras; ∼86% were male; the average age was 29 ± 10 years. LTBI was identified in 18.4% of those from Central America. Migrants from El Salvador and Nicaragua were more likely to have LTBI than those from Honduras or Guatemala. Overweight or obese persons and older persons had a higher prevalence of LTBI. We detected no significant differences with respect to LTBI when the results were compared based on gender, education, or marital status. Conclusion: The LTBI rates amongst migrants from Central America recently screened in shelters in northeastern Mexico appears to be relatively low given recent estimates of LTBI prevalence in Mexico.

Keywords

• Tuberculosis
• Latent tuberculosis
• Migrants
• Interferon-gamma release assays
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay