Revista de Saúde Pública (Oct 2010)
Efetividade de programa de suplementação alimentar no ganho ponderal de crianças Efectividad del programa de suplementación alimentaria en la ganancia ponderal de niños Effectiveness of a supplementary feeding program in child weight gain
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de programa governamental de suplementação alimentar no ganho ponderal de crianças. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte com dados secundários de 25.433 crianças de baixa renda com idade entre seis e 24 meses que ingressaram em programa de distribuição de leite fortificado Projeto Vivaleite, realizado no Estado de São Paulo de 2003 a 2008. O ganho ponderal foi medido por meio dos valores de escores z de peso para idade, calculados pelo padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (2007), obtidos, na rotina do programa, ao ingressar e a cada quatro meses durante a permanência. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos de escore z ao entrar: sem comprometimento de peso (z > -1); risco de baixo peso (-2 OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad del programa gubernamental de suplementación alimentaria en la ganancia ponderal de niños. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte con datos secundarios de 25.433 niños de baja renta con edad entre seis a 24 meses, que ingresaron en programa de distribución de leche fortificado Proyecto “Viva Leche” realizado en el Estado de Sao Paulo (sureste de Brasil) de 2003 a 2008. La ganancia ponderal fue medida por medio de los valores de escores z de peso por edad, calculados por el patrón de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2007), obtenidos, en la rutina del programa, al ingresar y a cada cuatro meses durante la permanencia. Los niños fueron divididos en tres grupos de escore z al entrar: sin comprometer el peso (z>-1); riesgo de bajo peso (-2£zOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a governmental supplementary feeding program in child weight gain. METHODS: A cohort study including secondary data on 25,433 low-income children aged between six and 24 months, participating in a fortified milk distribution program known as Projeto Vivaleite, was performed in the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 2003 and 2008. Weight gain was measured using weight-for-age z-score values, calculated according to the World Health Organization standards (2007). These values were obtained in the program routine, when a child started it and every four months during their stay. Children were divided into three z-score groups when starting the program: weight gain not compromised (z>-1); risk of low weight (-2<z<-1); and low weight (z<-2). Multilevel linear regression (mixed model) was used, enabling the comparison, at each age, of adjusted mean z-scores between children starting the program and those who had been participating for at least four months, adjusted for correlation between repeated measurements. RESULTS: The program had a positive effect on child weight gain, varying according to child nutritional status when starting this program; among those who started it with weight gain not compromised, the mean adjusted gain z-score was 0.183; among those with risk of low weight, 0.566; and among those with low weight, 1.005. CONCLUSIONS: The program is effective for weight gain in children younger than two years, with a more pronounced effect on children who start the program under less favorable weight conditions.
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