Evaluation of Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in the Intensive Care Units: Nine Years Experience

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify nosocomial infections and causative mikroorganisms in adult intensive care units of hospital and also to investigate the changes in antimicrobial resistance profiles over a nine-year period.Methods: The infection control committee surveillance data of 29318 patients hospitalized in adult intensive care units between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.Results: A total of 29318 patients were followed up in adult intensive care units of hospital in nine-year period and nosocomial infection was detected in 2593 patients (8.8%). The most common infections were; ventilator-associated pneumonia (34.1%), catheter-related urinary tract infection (21.8%), primary bacteremia (17.1%), central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (14.7%) and pneumonia (8.5%). The most common causative agents were Gram-negative bacteria (72.9%; 2056/2822). Carbapenem resistance in gram negative bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections was 33% in 2010 and reached 75% in 2018. Colistin resistance of Klebsiella spp. strains reached up to 34% in 2018.Conclusion: In Turkey, nosocomial infections in intensive care units are an important problem as well as in the world. With increasing antibiotic resistance, treatment of infections is becoming difficult. Therefore; each center should follow its own infectious agent distribution and antibiotic susceptibility, empirical treatment should be selected appropriate to the flora of the intensive care unit and the broad use of broad spectrum antibiotics should be limited.

Keywords

• antibiotic resistance
• nosocomial infections
• intensive care unit