Visibility of nature-connectedness in school buildings: An analytical study using biophilic parameters, space syntax, and space/nature syntax

Abstract

Biophilic architecture is a design approach that enhances the connectedness of man and nature. Although Erbil city, Iraq is witnessing remarkable development, there is a lack of a comprehensive vision about adopting this design approach. This research attempts to find out the existence of biophilic design parameters and the proportion of naturalness of view from permeable openings in schools by assessing their spatial layouts and configurations. The research adopts multiple-quantitative methods by integrating different tools such as questionnaires (comparing students' and teachers' feedback on the availability of biophilic design parameters), space syntax, nature syntax, and space/nature syntax. Results showed the presence of biophilic design parameters in schools but insufficient quantities. The study reveals that space syntax and nature syntax can be used as effective and objective tools for assessing biophilic parameters. This study contributes to opening the horizons for architects to be more aware of this vital design trend.

Keywords

• Biophilia, Connectedness
• Naturalness
• Space syntax
• Nature syntax
• School building
• Erbil city