Basic Orbit Design and Maneuvers for Satellite Constellations Deployed Using Momentum Exchange Tethers

Abstract

This article describes a new alternative approach to satellite constellation deployment by incorporating momentum exchange tethers (METs). Traditional methods of deploying satellite constellations have limitations, typically involving costly propulsion systems and extended dispersion times. METs offer a novel solution by efficiently transferring momentum between tethered objects, reducing the need for onboard propellants and streamlining the deployment process. This article discusses orbit design and maneuvers for different mission architectures using asymmetrical and symmetrical tether release techniques to deploy satellites into designated orbits. In addition, a short walkthrough of designing one possible constellation is given, showing how quickly a MET-deployed constellation can be established in low Earth orbit (LEO). This work contributes to ongoing research investigating the applicability of METs in satellite constellation deployments, which could potentially be a new opportunity for MET technology to start seeing routine usage in the space environment, and also enable new constellation architectures that have not yet been realized.

Keywords

• satellite constellation
• momentum exchange tether
• satellite deployment
• orbit design
• mission design
• small satellite