Good Subjective Outcomes, Stable Knee and High Return to Sport after Tibial Eminence Avulsion Fracture in Children

Abstract

Avulsion fracture of the tibial spine (TSA) is uncommon in children, although its incidence is increasing with the earlier practice of competitive sport activities. This study aims to report mid to long term outcomes in children who sustained a TSA, with a special focus on a return to sport activities. Skeletally immature patients with a TSA, treated in two orthopedic hospitals, were evaluated for range of motion and knee laxity using KT1000, KiRA and Rolimeter. The pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee score (Pedi-IKDC) and the Hospital for Special Surgery pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (Pedi-FABS) questionnaires were recorded during the latest visit. Forty-two children were included. Twenty-six were treated nonoperatively and 16 underwent surgery. At a mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 3.6 years, 36 patients completed the questionnaires and 23 patients were tested with arthrometers. Among them, 96% had normal knee laxity. The Pedi-IKDC score averaged 96.4 ± 5.7 points, while the mean Pedi-FABS was 22.2 ± 5.9 points, without statistically significant differences between groups. Twenty-eight patients (78%) returned to their previous level of sport activity (eight amateur, 13 competitive, seven elite athletes). Eight patients (22%) quit sport, mostly because of re-injury fear. If properly treated, pediatric TSAs achieve a high rate of successful healing, with complete restoration of knee stability and an early return to sport activities.

Keywords

• tibial spine avulsion
• tibial eminence fracture
• pedi-IKDC
• pedi-FABS
• PAMI
• return to sport