Long-term Follow-up After En Bloc Transurethral Resection of Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Results from a Single-center Experience

Abstract

Background: En bloc resection (ERBT) is a valid alternative to piecemeal resection for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), guaranteeing pathological outcomes. However, very few studies investigated long-term oncological outcomes of ERBT. Objective: To report long-term oncological outcome of ERBT. Design, setting, and participants: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. We included patients who underwent ERBT from June 2010 to February 2014, and were diagnosed with NMIBC at pathology evaluation. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary study endpoint was recurrence-free survival at 5 yr. Secondary outcomes were presence of detrusor muscle, recurrence rate at the first follow-up cystoscopy, progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) at 5 yr, and factors associated with long-term oncological outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to describe recurrence-free survival time. A univariate analysis was used to investigate factors associated with recurrence. Results and limitations: Overall, 74 patients were included in this study. The median age was 71 (66–76) yr. Most of the patients presented with only one bladder tumor, and the median tumor diameter was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–2.5) cm. After histopathological examination, eight, 35, and 31 patients were diagnosed with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. All the en bloc resected tumors showed the presence of detrusor muscle. The median follow-up was 72 (IQR 66–90) mo. The recurrence rate at the first follow-up cystoscopy was 5.4% (four out of 74 patients). Overall, 57 (77%) patients were free of recurrence at 5 yr. No progression to MIBC was observed: progression-free survival was 100%. Limitations include retrospective design and small size. Conclusions: Our findings showed that ERBT for NMIBC presents an optimal long-term oncological outcome. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary for confirming our preliminary results and for a direct comparison with the traditional piecemeal resection. Patient summary: In case of superficial bladder tumors, transurethral resection of the entire tumor and its base in one piece seems to provide good long-term results in terms of recurrence and progression rates.

Keywords

• Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer
• High grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer
• En bloc resection
• Transurethral resection of bladder tumor
• Long-term outcomes