International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Feb 2024)

Pathophysiology, Histopathology, and Differential Diagnostics of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma—An Update from the Pathologist’s Point of View

  • Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz,
  • Maria Cătălina Popelea,
  • Raluca Niculescu,
  • Andrei Manea,
  • Adrian-Horațiu Sabău,
  • Andreea-Cătălina Tinca,
  • Andreea Raluca Szoke,
  • Corina Eugenia Budin,
  • Adina Stoian,
  • Silviu Horia Morariu,
  • Titiana Cornelia Cotoi,
  • Maria-Elena Cocuz,
  • Ovidiu Simion Cotoi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042220
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 25, no. 4
p. 2220

Abstract

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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the most frequently occurring non-melanocytic skin cancers. The objective of our study is to present the pathophysiology of BCC and cSCC and its direct relationship with the histopathological diagnostics and the differential diagnostics of these types of cancer, based on the morphological characteristics, immunohistochemical profile, and genetic alterations. The qualitative study was based on emphasizing the morphological characteristics and immunohistochemistry profiles of BCC and cSCC and the differential diagnostics based on the tissue samples from the Clinical Pathology Department of Mures Clinical County Hospital between 2020 and 2022. We analyzed the histopathological appearances and immunohistochemical profiles of BCC and cSCC in comparison with those of Bowen disease, keratoacanthoma, hyperkeratotic squamous papilloma, metatypical carcinoma, pilomatricoma, trichoblastoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), and melanoma. Our study showed the importance of the correct histopathological diagnosis, which has a direct impact on the appropriate treatment and outcome for each patient. The study highlighted the histopathological and morphological characteristics of NMSCs and the precursor lesions in HE and the immunohistochemical profile for lesions that may make the differential diagnosis difficult to establish.

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