The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
FAST-ASKAP Synergy: Quantifying Coexistent Tidal and Ram Pressure Strippings in the NGC 4636 Group
- Xuchen Lin,
- Jing Wang,
- Virginia Kilborn,
- Eric W. Peng,
- Luca Cortese,
- Alessandro Boselli,
- Ze-Zhong Liang,
- Bumhyun Lee,
- Dong Yang,
- Barbara Catinella,
- N. Deg,
- H. Dénes,
- Ahmed Elagali,
- P. Kamphuis,
- B. S. Koribalski,
- K. Lee-Waddell,
- Jonghwan Rhee,
- Li Shao,
- Kristine Spekkens,
- Lister Staveley-Smith,
- T. Westmeier,
- O. Ivy Wong,
- Kenji Bekki,
- Albert Bosma,
- Min Du,
- Luis C. Ho,
- Juan P. Madrid,
- Lourdes Verdes-Montenegro,
- Huiyuan Wang,
- Shun Wang
Affiliations
- Xuchen Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- Jing Wang
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Virginia Kilborn
- ORCiD
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Eric W. Peng
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Luca Cortese
- ORCiD
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Alessandro Boselli
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille University , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Ze-Zhong Liang
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- Bumhyun Lee
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
- Dong Yang
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- Barbara Catinella
- ORCiD
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- N. Deg
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen’s University , Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- H. Dénes
- ORCiD
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University , Hacienda San José S/N, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador
- Ahmed Elagali
- Minderoo Foundation, 171–173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- P. Kamphuis
- ORCiD
- Ruhr University Bochum , Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- B. S. Koribalski
- ORCiD
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility , P.O. Box 76, NSW 1710, Australia; School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- K. Lee-Waddell
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; CSIRO Space and Astronomy , P.O. Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Jonghwan Rhee
- ORCiD
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Li Shao
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, People’s Republic of China
- Kristine Spekkens
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada , P.O. Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada
- Lister Staveley-Smith
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- T. Westmeier
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- O. Ivy Wong
- ORCiD
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; CSIRO Space and Astronomy , P.O. Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Kenji Bekki
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Albert Bosma
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille University , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Min Du
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
- Luis C. Ho
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Juan P. Madrid
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
- Lourdes Verdes-Montenegro
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía , E-18008, Granada, Spain
- Huiyuan Wang
- ORCiD
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Shun Wang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accea2
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 956,
no. 2
p. 148
Abstract
Combining new H i data from a synergetic survey of Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Widefield ASKAP L -band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY and Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope with the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA data, we study the effect of ram pressure and tidal interactions in the NGC 4636 group. We develop two parameters to quantify and disentangle these two effects on gas stripping in H i -bearing galaxies: the strength of external forces at the optical-disk edge, and the outside-in extents of H i -disk stripping. We find that gas stripping is widespread in this group, affecting 80% of H i -detected nonmerging galaxies, and that 41% are experiencing both types of stripping. Among the galaxies experiencing both effects, the two types of strengths are independent, while two H i -stripping extents moderately anticorrelate with each other. Both strengths are correlated with H i -disk shrinkage. The tidal strength is related to a rather uniform reddening of low-mass galaxies ( M _* < 10 ^9 M _☉ ) when tidal stripping is the dominating effect. In contrast, ram pressure is not clearly linked to the color-changing patterns of galaxies in the group. Combining these two stripping extents, we estimate the total stripping extent, and put forward an empirical model that can describe the decrease of H i richness as galaxies fall toward the group center. The stripping timescale we derived decreases with distance to the center, from ∼1 Gyr beyond R _200 to ≲10 Myr near the center. Gas depletion happens ∼3 Gyr since crossing 2 R _200 for H i -rich galaxies, but much quicker for H i -poor ones. Our results quantify in a physically motivated way the details and processes of environmental-effects-driven galaxy evolution, and might assist in analyzing hydrodynamic simulations in an observational way.
Keywords
