Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Diaphragm Muscle Structure of Patients without Respiratory Pathologies: An Autopsy Study

• Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci,
• Romeu Rodrigues de Souza,
• Claudia Kimie Suemoto,
• Alexandre Leopold Busse,
• Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino,
• Carlos Augusto Pasqualucci,
• Carlos Alberto Anaruma,
• Wilson Jacob-Filho

Affiliations

Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci

Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Romeu Rodrigues de Souza

Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Claudia Kimie Suemoto

Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Alexandre Leopold Busse

Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino

Laboratory of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies, Department of Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil

Carlos Augusto Pasqualucci

Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Carlos Alberto Anaruma

Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, Brazil

Wilson Jacob-Filho

Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil