The association of appendectomy with prognosis and tumor-associated macrophages in patients with colorectal cancer
Gaixia Liu,
Chenhao Hu,
Jiangpeng Wei,
Qixin Li,
Jiaqi Zhang,
Zhe Zhang,
Penghong Qu,
Zeyu Cao,
Ruochen Wang,
Gang Ji,
Junjun She,
Feiyu Shi
Affiliations
Gaixia Liu
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Chenhao Hu
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Jiangpeng Wei
Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
Qixin Li
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Jiaqi Zhang
Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Zhe Zhang
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Penghong Qu
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Zeyu Cao
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Ruochen Wang
Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Gang Ji
Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
Junjun She
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Corresponding author
Feiyu Shi
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Department of High Talent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Corresponding author
Summary: The vermiform appendix plays an important role in colorectal immunity and the homeostasis of the gut microbiome. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of prior appendectomy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study revealed that prior appendectomy is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with CRC, based on a multicentral CRC cohort. We further demonstrated that appendectomy induced a poor prognosis of CRC through the depletion of M1 macrophage cells in AOM-induced mice, which was confirmed in age-, sex-, and location-matched patients’ cohorts and orthotopic model models with the CT26 cell line. Poor responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were detected in patients with CRC with appendectomy, and cetuximab is an effective treatment for patients with appendectomy-associated colorectal cancer (APD-CRC) to improve their prognosis. Our study will provide a reference for developing treatment plans for a considerable number of patients with APD-CRC, which is of great clinical significance.
