Hypothalamic Neuromodulation of Hypothermia in Domestic Animals
Daniel Mota-Rojas,
Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi,
Ismael Hernández-Ávalos,
Adriana Domínguez-Oliva,
Alejandro Casas-Alvarado,
Pamela Anahí Lendez,
María Carolina Ceriani,
Dehua Wang
Affiliations
Daniel Mota-Rojas
Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Pamela Anahí Lendez
Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
María Carolina Ceriani
Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dehua Wang
School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
When an organism detects decreases in their core body temperature, the hypothalamus, the main thermoregulatory center, triggers compensatory responses. These responses include vasomotor changes to prevent heat loss and physiological mechanisms (e.g., shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis) for heat production. Both types of changes require the participation of peripheral thermoreceptors, afferent signaling to the spinal cord and hypothalamus, and efferent pathways to motor and/or sympathetic neurons. The present review aims to analyze the scientific evidence of the hypothalamic control of hypothermia and the central and peripheral changes that are triggered in domestic animals.