Female, live in urban, and the existence of a caregiver increased risk overnutrition in elderly: an Indonesian national study 2010

Abstract

AbstrakLatar belakang: Kelebihan nutrisi dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan pada lansia. Hal ini memerlukan upaya pencegahan dengan mengetahui penyebabnya. Penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor dominan yang berkaitan dengan kelebihan nutrisi.Metode: Data merupakan sebagian penelitian potong lintang dari sebagian data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010.Subjek terdiri dari 16 142 orang berumur 60 tahun atau lebih yang berasal dari 266 510rumah tangga. Data yang dikumpulkan antara lain data sosio-demografi . Status gizi ditentukan dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kategori normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) dan nutrisi berlebih (25kg/m2 atau lebih).Asupan nutrisi berdasarkan wawancara asupan makanan selama 24 jam terakhir. Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kelebihan nutrisi dipergunakan perhitungan risiko relatif.Hasil: Kelebihan nutrisi sebanyak 3184 (19,7%) subjek dan yang normal 12 958 (80,3%). Dibandingkan dengan lelaki, perempuan berisiko 56% lebih banyak menderita kelebihan nutrisi [risiko relatif (RRa) =1,56;95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1.44;1,69]. Subjek yang berdomisili di perkotaan dibanding pedesaan berisiko 30% lebih tinggi menderita nutrisi berlebih (RRa = 1,30; 95% CI = 1,24;1,35). Sedangkan subjek yang mempunyai pendamping/pembantu mempunyai risiko kenaikan 26% menderita Kelebihan nutrisi (RRa = 1,26; 95% CI = 1,16;1,40). Kesimpulan: Subjek yang mempunyai pendamping/pembantu, perempuan, dan yang bedomisili di perkotaan berisiko lebih menderita kelebihan nutrisi. Oleh karena itu diperlukam pendidikan kesehatan kepada lansia dan pendamping/pembantunya tentang gizi seimbang. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:9-14)Kata kunci: lansia, nutrisi berlebih, pen dampingAbstractBackground: Over-nutrition could leads health problems in the elderly which requires control efforts. Knowing the risk factors of over-nutrition is necessary to overcome the over-nutrition related health problems.This study aimed to identify the determinant factors of over-nutrition in the elderly.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study as a part of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010. The subjects consisted of 16 142 respondents aged 60 years or older with normal nutritional status and overnutritionthat derived from 26 6510 household members. Riskesdas data on sociodemographic was collected by questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured using body mass index (BMI). BMI was categorized intonormal (18.5-24.9) and over-nutrition (25 or over). Nutrition intake was obtained from 24 hour food recall. Over-nutritional risk factors identifi ed by relative risks.Results: This analysis noted 3 184 (19.7%) subjects were over-nutrition and 12 958 (80.3%) were normal. Female than male 56% more risk to be over-nutrition [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.56; 95% confi dence interval (CI) = 1.44;1.69]. Living in urban than rural area 30% more risk to be over-nutrition(RRa = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.24;1.35). While the presence of caregiver 26% increased to be over-nutrition in elderly (RRa = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.16;1.40).Conclusion: The presence of a caregiver, woman, and living in urban area increased risk to be over-nutrition in elderly. Health education is needed for the elderly family and caregiver to enhance their knowledge on providing balanced nutrition to control over-nutrition. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:9-14)

Keywords

• elderly, nutrition, obesity, presence of a companion