Microbial degradation of the waste jute fiber and sawdust fiber-based epoxy composites in drainage system

Abstract

The non-biodegradable nature of polymers presents a considerable environmental hazard, mainly when they accumulate in drainage systems and pollute the water. The application of natural fiber composites has the potential to offer a feasible resolution to address this problem, as natural fibers possess inherent biodegradability. This study examined the degradation ability of epoxy composites made with 5 wt% waste jute fiber and 5 wt% waste sawdust fiber when subjected to drainage water for one year. The composites comprising jute fiber and sawdust demonstrated a reduction in tensile strength by 57 % and 40 %, respectively, because of biodegradation caused by microorganisms. The microorganism consumed the fiber for energy, resulting in significant weight and flexural strength loss. The weathered waste jute and sawdust fiber composite samples displayed an additional peak at a wavenumber of 1700 cm−1 for FTIR analysis, indicating the presence of the C=O group and reflecting CO2 production. The SEM image reveals the presence of clusters, biofilms, and colonies of microorganisms on the surface of the composites, indicating that the microbes were utilizing the fibers and matrix as a substrate for growth and multiplication. This research contributes to the understanding of the degradation mechanisms of sustainable composites and provides insight into the advancement of eco-friendly materials to reduce water pollution.

Keywords

• Microbial degradation
• Weathering
• Waste natural fibers
• Composite materials
• Biodegradability