Analysis of “Narrating the Hanging of Hasanak” in the History of Beyhaqi with Emphasis on Application of Grammar in Semantics

Abstract

In order to express the secondary meanings, semantics needs methods, which inform the audience of the existence of these implicit meanings in the text. Besides following the requirements of the form or violating them, the addresser may use two grammar-specific methods to express his purpose. These two factors can be called dislocation and foregrounding (by ellipsis or expression, definiteness or indefiniteness, limiting, restricting and clipping). In addition to using context, the speaker applies these grammatical factors to draw the reader’s attention to the secondary meanings. The eloquence of the story largely depends on linguistic applications (application of grammatical factors and rules) and on the power and art of the writer in using of these factors to imply implicit meanings. Thus, in this paper, the final part of the “Narrating the Hanging of Hasanak, the Vizier” is selected from the History of Beyhaqi to show how the writer used these linguistic and grammatical factors to maintain and create coherence in the text and affect the reader. The results show that the effect of Beyhaqi’s writing mainly goes back to the way he uses these grammatical factors in implying concepts indirectly. In fact, with the help of these factors, Beyhaqi cause cohesion and coherence in the text.

Keywords

• semantics
• persian language grammar
• movement and highlighting factors
• the history of beyhaqi
• the manner of taking hasanak to his gallows