Comparison of the effect of sedation and general anesthesia on pattern and flash visual evoked potentials in normal dogs

Abstract

Abstract Background Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can provide objective functional assessment of the post-retinal visual pathway. This study compared the effects of sedation (butorphanol and dexmedetomidine) and general anesthesia (propofol and sevoflurane) on pattern and flash VEPs. Dogs (n = 13) underwent sedation or anesthesia and VEPs were obtained from 3 subcutaneous recording electrodes placed on the head (O1, Oz, O2). Results Pattern VEPs could only be recorded under sedation and a maximum of 3 peaks were identified (N75, P100, N135). Flash VEPs could be recorded under both sedation and anesthesia and a maximum of 5 peaks were identified (N1, P1, N2, P2, N3). The latency of the N1 peak and the baseline-N1 amplitude were significantly longer under general anesthesia. Conclusion Visual evoked potentials should be preferentially recorded in dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol, regardless of the stimulus.

Keywords

• Pattern visual evoked potential
• Flash visual evoked potential
• Dexmedetomidine
• Butorphanol
• Propofol
• Sevoflurane