Entropy analysis in ciliary transport of radiated hybrid nanofluid in presence of electromagnetohydrodynamics and activation energy

Abstract

The entropy of hybrid nanofluids flow driven by cilia beating is examined theoretically in this study. To control the cilia induced transport, electroosmosis and magnetohydrodynamics are introduced in the model. Energy and concentration conservations principles are utilized to examine the heat transfer analysis and diffusion. Hybrid nanofluids are considered as a blood based nanofluids with dispersion of hybrid (TiO2 and Ag) nanoparticles to see the applications in drug delivery system. Blood is modeled as a hyperbolic tangent fluid model. The impacts of the Arrhenius activation energy input and Ohmic heating on the flow analysis are also explored. The solution of the problem is computed by analytic and numerical approaches under the low zeta potential and the low Reynolds number using a perturbation technique and a shooting method. It is noted that the electric double layer and Hartmann number play a significant role in cooling and diffusion enhancement processes. Moreover, it is revealed that high electric potential can reduce the entropy during the radiated hybrid nanofluids flow in microchannel. Provision of activation energy support the mass diffusion and regulate thermal indulges. The findings of present model could be applicable in controlling the blood flow and drug delivery systems.

Keywords

• Entropy
• Electric and magnetic fields
• Metachronal waves
• Thermal radiations
• Hybrid nanofluid
• Arrhenius activation energy