High Carriage of Extended-Spectrum, Beta Lactamase-Producing, and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Tibetan Outpatients with Diarrhea
Zhe Li,
Jiaqi Li,
Jiaqi Liu,
Yao Peng,
Zhenpeng Li,
Mengyu Wang,
Ge Zhang,
Geruo Qu,
Jingyun Zhang,
Xiuping Fu,
Xia Chen,
Ciren Dunzhu,
Shan Lu,
Xin Lu,
Jialiang Xu,
Biao Kan
Affiliations
Zhe Li
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Jiaqi Li
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Jiaqi Liu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Yao Peng
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Zhenpeng Li
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Mengyu Wang
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Ge Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Geruo Qu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Jingyun Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Xiuping Fu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Xia Chen
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Ciren Dunzhu
Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, China
Shan Lu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Xin Lu
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Jialiang Xu
School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Biao Kan
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in human-impacted habitats, especially in densely populated cities. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is located far from the heavily populated regions of China, and Tibetan residents have distinct dietary habits and gut microbes. Antibiotic-resistance monitoring in the Tibetan population is rare. Here, we collected stool samples from Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea. From 59 samples, 48 antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained, including 19 extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from 16 patients and 29 polymyxin-resistant isolates from 22 patients. Either ESBL or mcr genes were found in 17 Escherichia coli isolates, approximately 58.8% of which were multidrug-resistant, and ten incompatible plasmid types were found. The gene blaCTX-M was a common genotype in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Four E. coli isolates contained mcr-1. The same mcr-1-carrying plasmid was found in distinct E. coli isolates obtained from the same sample, thus confirming horizontal transmission of mcr-1 between bacteria. Genomic clustering of E. coli isolates obtained from Lhasa, with strains from other regions providing evidence of clone spreading. Our results reveal a strong presence of ARB and ARGs in Tibetan outpatients with diarrhea, implying that ARB and ARGs should be monitored in the Tibetan population.
