Efficacy of navigation systems with smart delivery tools in enhancing accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw insertion

• T. Umebayashi,
• Y. Hijikata,
• T. Kimura,
• T. Endo,
• D. Kawamura,
• N. Kikuchi,
• S. Kumamoto

Affiliations

T. Umebayashi

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Tokyo Spine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

Y. Hijikata

Section of clinical epidemiology, Department of community medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

T. Kimura

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Tokyo Spine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

T. Endo

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Tokyo Spine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

D. Kawamura

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Tokyo Spine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

N. Kikuchi

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Tokyo Spine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

S. Kumamoto

Departmernt of Spine Surgery, Fukuoka Spine Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan