Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V In Situ Alloyed with 3 wt% Cr by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Abstract

This work studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V in situ alloyed with 3 wt% Cr by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Specimens with a relative density of 99.14 ± 0.11% were produced, showing keyhole and lack of fusion pores. Due to incomplete mixing of the components during melting, chemical inhomogeneities were observed in the solidified material. The addition of Cr promoted thermal supercooling during solidification and induced a reduction in the primary β grain size in the longitudinal direction and a weakening of the otherwise strong ⟨100⟩β texture, both typical issues for Ti-6Al-4V produced by LPBF. The primary β at first transformed martensitically to α’, but by preheating the substrate plate to 500 °C and cyclically reheating the material by melting subsequent layers, in situ martensite decomposition was achieved, resulting in a fine lamellar α + β microstructure. In addition, the B19 phase was detected in the β matrix, presumably caused by Fe impurities in the Cr powder feedstock. Specimens exhibited a hardness of 402 ± 18 HV10, and an excellent ultimate tensile strength of 1450 ± 22 MPa at an elongation at break of 4.5 ± 0.2%.

Keywords

• titanium alloys
• laser powder bed fusion
• additive manufacturing
• alloy development