Investigating the Role of Wave Process in the Evaporation Duct Simulation by Using an Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave Coupled Model
Zhigang Shan,
Miaojun Sun,
Wei Wang,
Jing Zou,
Xiaolei Liu,
Hong Zhang,
Zhijin Qiu,
Bo Wang,
Jinyue Wang,
Shuai Yang
Affiliations
Zhigang Shan
Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Marine Geotechnical Investigation Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute Corporation Ltd., Powerchina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
Miaojun Sun
Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Marine Geotechnical Investigation Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute Corporation Ltd., Powerchina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
Wei Wang
Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Marine Geotechnical Investigation Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute Corporation Ltd., Powerchina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
Jing Zou
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, China
Xiaolei Liu
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Hong Zhang
College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Zhijin Qiu
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, China
Bo Wang
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, China
Jinyue Wang
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, China
Shuai Yang
Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, China
In this study, a diagnostic model for evaporation ducts was established based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) models. Utilizing this model, four sensitivity tests were conducted over the South China Sea from 21 September to 5 October 2008, when four tropical cyclones affected the study domain. These tests were designed with different roughness schemes to investigate the impact mechanisms of wave processes on evaporation duct simulation under extreme weather conditions. The results indicated that wave processes primarily influenced the evaporation duct heights by altering sea surface roughness and dynamical factors. The indirect impacts of waves without dynamical factors were rather weak. Generally, a decrease in local roughness led to increased wind speed, decreased humidity, and a reduced air–sea temperature difference, resulting in the formation of evaporation ducts at higher altitudes. However, this affecting mechanism between roughness and evaporation ducts was also greatly influenced by changes in regional circulation. In the eastern open sea areas of the South China Sea, changes in evaporative ducts were more closely aligned with local impact mechanisms, whereas the changes in the central and western areas demonstrated greater complexity and fewer local impacts due to variations in regional circulation.
