Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Maryam Gholamalizadeh,
Shirin Tajadod,
Nazanin Majidi,
Zohreh Aghakhaninejad,
Zahra Mahmoudi,
Zahra Mousavi,
Arezoo Amjadi,
Farkhondeh Alami,
Mahdie Torkaman,
Zahra Saeedirad,
Saeid Doaei,
Hanieh Shafaei,
Naser Kalantari
Affiliations
Maryam Gholamalizadeh
Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
Shirin Tajadod
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
Nazanin Majidi
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
Zohreh Aghakhaninejad
Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
Zahra Mahmoudi
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
Zahra Mousavi
Nursing and Midwifery school Shahed University. Tehran Iran
Arezoo Amjadi
School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
Farkhondeh Alami
Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
Mahdie Torkaman
Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
Zahra Saeedirad
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
Saeid Doaei
Departments of Community Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
Hanieh Shafaei
Shahid Beheshti College of Midwifery Gilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
Naser Kalantari
Departments of Community Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
Abstract Background and Aim Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world. The link between nutrients and the likelihood of developing CRC remains uncertain. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the potential connection between dietary intake/dietary supplements and the occurrence of CRC through a literature review. Methods A comprehensive online search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to March 2023 using appropriate keywords. A systematic search was conducted for clinical trials and cohort studies in order to determine the relationship between dietary components/supplements and CRC. Results The intake of long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs), consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has the potential to decrease the likelihood of developing CRC (eight studies found positive effects and four studies found no association). Some other dietary components such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may contribute to suppressing CRC development (three studies found positive effects, whereas three studies did not find any association). There is inconclusive evidence that supplementation with certain micronutrients including vitamin D (one trial found positive effects and another trial reported no association), folate, zinc, and selenium may reduce the risk of CRC. Conclusion Some dietary supplements such as n‐3 LCPUFAs and probiotics have the potential to reduce the risk of developing CRC. Further studies are necessary to validate these results and understand the underlying mechanisms.
