A Method to Improve the Flood Maps Forecasted by On-Line Use of 1D Model

Abstract

Forecasting floods in urban areas during a heavy rainfall is the aim of every early warning system. 2D-models produce the most accurate flood maps, but they are practically useless as quasi real-time tools, because their run times are comparable to times of propagation of floods. Run times of 1D-model are of tens of seconds, but their predictions lack accuracy and many useful indicators of flood severity. Our aim is the identification of the 2D-model map that is more similar to the actual map, chosen among those simulated off-line. To this aim, we produce a rough flood map of the occurring event, through a quasi real-time simulation of the rainfall-runoff using a 1D-model. Then we apply an original method, named “ranking approach”, to perform the best matching. This method is applied to the Corace torrent (Calabria, Southern Italy), using 17 synthetic hyetographs to simulate the same number of rainfall-runoff events, using 1D (SWMM) and 2D (MIKE) models. The method proves to be effective in 65% of the cases, while in 82% of cases (i.e., for 14 cases out 17), the event produced by the same ietograph falls within the third rank.

Keywords

• urban flooding
• hydrodynamic model
• SWMM
• MIKE
• early warning procedure