Epidemiological Study of the Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of a Suspected Urinary Tract Infection in a Super Surgical, Super Specialty Hospital in Northern India

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of urinary tract infection (UTI) collected from individuals of various age groups, both male and female. Methods: This study analyzed 266 urine samples from diverse individuals. Midstream urine samples were collected, transported, and processed on a CLED medium within two hours. Bacterial identification was performed based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical characteristics. The VITEK 2 Compact system (Biomerieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ESBL detection, and Carbapenemase detection. Results: Out of 61 significant UTIs in both the male and female patients, 78.69% were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, 11.48% were caused by Gram-positive bacteria, and 9.84% were caused by Candida species. Escherichia coli (37.70%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.22%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.47%) were the most common uropathogens. Tetracycline (88.89%) and ceftriaxone (77.14%) were met with high resistance, while amikacin (89.36%) and colistin (97.30%) were the most effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens. Colistin susceptibility was exclusively observed in cases of multidrug resistance (MDR) and pan-drug resistance (PDR). Conclusions: This study indicates that Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli, are responsible for a higher number of UTIs compared to Gram-positive uropathogens. Amikacin and colistin were identified as the most effective antibiotics against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens.

Keywords

• urinary tract infection
• uropathogens
• antibiotic susceptibility
• antimicrobial resistance
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Gram-negative bacteria