Respons tanaman kopi liberika bermikoriza di lahan gambut terhadap aplikasi pupuk anorganik

Abstract

Aplikasi pupuk anorganik secara kontinyu dengan dosis tinggi berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan tanah dan lingkungan lainnya. Pemakaian pupuk hayati mikoriza merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi dampak negatif tersebut. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk anorganik terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kopi liberika bermikoriza di lahan gambut, dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok satu faktor 6 perlakuan, yaitu tanpa pupuk hayati mikoriza + pupuk anorganik 100%, pupuk hayati mikoriza + tanpa pupuk anorganik, pupuk hayati mikoriza + 25% pupuk anorganik, pupuk hayati mikoriza + 50% pupuk anorganik, pupuk hayati mikoriza + 75% pupuK anorganik, serta pupuk hayati mikoriza + 100% pupuk anorganik dengan dosis rekomendasi yaitu 50 g Urea, 40 g SP-36, 40 g KCl dan 15 g Kisserit per tanaman. Isolat mikoriza yang digunakan berupa isolat gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c sebanyak 10 g per tanaman. Peubah yang diamati adalah pertambahan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan diameter batang, pertambahan jumlah daun dan pertambahan jumlah cabang serta kolonisasi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk hayati mikoriza 10 g per tanaman dan 50% pupuk anorganik merupakan kombinasi terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan kopi liberika di lahan gambut. Pupuk hayati mikoriza mampu menggantikan dan menghemat pemakaian pupuk anorganik sebesar 50%. ABSTRACT Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers in high doses can harm the soil and causes other environmental damage. Using mycorrhizal biofertilizers is one of the efforts to overcome the adverse effects of these inorganic fertilizers. The study aimed to obtain the best dose of inorganic fertilizer in increasing the growth of mycorrhizal liberika coffee plants on peatlands and was designed in a randomized block experiment. The treatment was the application of mycorrhizal biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers according to recommendations i.e: without mycorrhizal biofertilizers +100% inorganic fertilizers; mycorrhizal biofertilizers+ no inorganic fertilizers; mycorrhizal biofertilizer+25% inorganic fertilizer; mycorrhizal biofertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer; mycorrhizal biofertilizer + 75% inorganic fertilizer; mycorrhizal biofertilizer + 100% inorganic fertilizer (as recommended doses of 50 g Urea, 40 g SP-36, 40 g KCl and 15 g Kisserit per plant). The mycorrhizal isolates used were a combination of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c of 10 g per plant. The variables observed were the increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, and mycorrhizal colonization. The results showed that applying 10 g per plant of mycorrhizal biofertilizer and 50% of inorganic fertilizer was the best combination for increasing the growth of Liberica coffee in peatlands. Mycorrhizal biofertilizers can replace and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by 50%.

Keywords

• glomus sp-1a, glomus sp-3c, isolat mikoriza, pupuk hayati