Efficient Removal of Eriochrome Black T Dye Using Activated Carbon of Waste Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) Grown in Northern Morocco Enhanced by New Mathematical Models
Fouad El Mansouri,
Guillermo Pelaz,
Antonio Morán,
Joaquim C. G. Esteves Da Silva,
Francesco Cacciola,
Hammadi El Farissi,
Hatim Tayeq,
Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk,
Jamal Brigui
Affiliations
Fouad El Mansouri
Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, BP 416, Tangier 90000, Morocco
Guillermo Pelaz
Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
Antonio Morán
Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
Joaquim C. G. Esteves Da Silva
Centro de Investigação Em Química (CIQUP), Instituto De Ciências Moleculares (IMS), Departamento De Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento Do Território, Faculdade De Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Francesco Cacciola
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Hammadi El Farissi
Laboratory of Environment and Applied Chemistry of the Natural Resources and Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, BP 524, Oujda 60000, Morocco
Environmental Technologies, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Resources Team, TEBVB, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93020, Morocco
Jamal Brigui
Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, BP 416, Tangier 90000, Morocco
In the present work, the adsorption behavior of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) on waste hemp activated carbon (WHAC) was examined. The surface of the WHAC was modified by H3PO4 acid treatment. The surface and structural characterization of the adsorbents was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The effect of influential adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, dosage, and initial concentration) on the adsorption of EBT onto WHAC was examined in batch experiments; some adsorption parameters such as pH, concentration and dose were improved by new mathematical models. The adsorption behavior of EBT on the surfaces of WHAC was evaluated by applying different isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich) to equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetics was studied by using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle models on the model. Adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. The maximum removal of EBT was found to be 44–62.08% by WHAC at pH = 7, adsorbent dose of 10–70 mg, contact time of 3 h and initial dye concentration of 10 mg.L−1. The maximum adsorption capacities were 14.025 mg.g−1 obtained by calculating according to the Langmuir model, while the maximum removal efficiency was obtained at 70 mg equal to 62.08% for the WHAC. The adsorption process is physical in the monolayer and multilayer.
