Development, validity, and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire eliciting the dietary advanced glycation end product consumption among obese adolescents aged 10–19 years

Abstract

Background: Obesity has reached an alarming rate affecting all categories of the population. A tremendous rise in obesity has been observed in children and adolescents. In India, the prevalence of adolescent obesity is more than 30% of the population. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse group of compounds formed by the amalgamation of glucose and a protein moiety. These glycated compounds are found in processed foods subjected to high-temperature cooking techniques contributing to the formation of dietary AGEs (dAGEs). The enormous consumption of dAGE attributes to the development of metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among obese adolescents aged 10–19 years to gauge their dAGE consumption. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire was developed from previous literature (15 articles), validated using the content validity ratio (CVR) by Lawshe, and estimated for reliability using the test–retest method. A pilot study was done among 50 obese adolescents aged 10–19 years, who completed the questionnaire twice, with a gap of 15 days. Results: A total of 54 items were validated (CVR ≥0.99) from the 60 food items. A reliability score >0.7 was observed, and a significant correlation (P ≥ 0.01) between the test and retest results was determined. Conclusion: Hence, this FFQ is reliable and can be used for future research studies to elicit dAGE consumption among obese adolescents.

Keywords

• adolescence
• advanced glycation end products
• food frequency questionnaire
• obesity