BCGitis as the primary manifestation of chronic granulomatous disease
Nastaran Khalili,
Iraj Mohammadzadeh,
Neda Khalili,
Raúl Jimenez Heredia,
Samaneh Zoghi,
Kaan Boztug,
Nima Rezaei
Affiliations
Nastaran Khalili
Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Iraj Mohammadzadeh
Noncommunicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Neda Khalili
Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Raúl Jimenez Heredia
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
Samaneh Zoghi
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Vienna, Austria
Kaan Boztug
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; St Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Nima Rezaei
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) are not only vulnerable to mycobacterial disease, but are also more likely to develop adverse events following BCG vaccination. These events can range from regional disease (BCGitis) to disseminated disease (BCGosis). Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), which is characterized by impaired leukocyte phagocytic function, is one of the many inherited PIDs that increase the body’s susceptibility to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Here, we report a 6-year-old boy with no significant past medical history who presented with progressive lymphadenopathy six years after BCG vaccination. He was later diagnosed with CGD on further evaluation.
