Zhongguo youzhi (Jun 2024)
食用植物油中苯并(a)芘的污染特征及城乡居民 膳食暴露评估——以汉中市为例Contamination characteristics of benzo（a）pyrene in edible vegetable oil and dietary exposure assessment for urban and rural residents: A case study of Hanzhong city
Abstract
为了探究食用植物油苯并(a)芘暴露给城乡居民带来的健康风险，通过对陕西省汉中市市售食用植物油进行抽样，利用HPLC-荧光检测法检测苯并(a)芘含量，结合对各区县居民的问卷调查，研究食用植物油中的苯并(a)芘污染特征，计算经食用植物油途径的苯并(a)芘暴露限值，并定量评价食用植物油苯并(a)芘暴露给不同类型人群造成的增加寿命期癌风险(ILCR)。结果表明：市售食用植物油样品中苯并(a)芘的检出率为62.5%，苯并(a)芘含量均值为1.0 μg/kg，菜籽油和其他植物油中的苯并(a)芘含量不存在显著差异（p＞0.05），食用植物油中苯并(a)芘含量与酸值存在显著相关性（p＜0.05），与过氧化值之间不存在显著相关性（p＞0.05）；汉中市居民食用植物油平均摄入量为 35.17 g/d，96.2%的居民主要食用植物油为菜籽油；汉中市男性和女性居民经食用植物油途径的苯并(a)芘慢性摄入量分别为0.52 ng/(kg·d)和0.59 ng/(kg·d)，汉中市各区县居民的食用植物油苯并(a)芘暴露限值均大于10 000，表明汉中市各区县居民经食用植物油摄入苯并(a)芘的健康风险较低；食用植物油苯并(a)芘暴露导致男性和女性居民的ILCR分别在8.95×10-7~1.53×10-5和1.01×10-6~1.74×10-5范围内，99.6%汉中市男性居民和100%女性居民ILCR稍高于可接受风险水平（1.0×10-6），汉中市其他区县居民食用植物油苯并(a)芘暴露产生的ILCR显著高于汉台区居民的（p0.05). There was a significant correlation between benzo（a）pyrene content and acid value (p0.05). The average intake of edible vegetable oil of residents in Hanzhong city was 35.17 g/d, and 96.2% of residents mainly consumed rapeseed oil. The chronic daily intakes of benzo（a）pyrene through edible vegetable oil of male and female residents in Hanzhong city were 0.52 ng/(kg·d) and 0.59 ng/(kg·d), respectively. The margin of exposure to benzo（a）pyrene in edible vegetable oil of residents in various districts and counties of Hanzhong city was greater than 10 000, indicating that the health risk of residents ingestion of benzo（a）pyrene through edible vegetable oil was low in Hanzhong city. The ILCR of male and female residents was within 8.95×10-7-1.53×10-5 and 1.01×10-6-1.74×10-5, respectively, and 99.6% of male residents and 100% of female residents in Hanzhong city had slightly higher ILCR than acceptable risk levels (1.0×10-6). The ILCR of residents in other districts and counties were significantly higher than those of residents in Hantai district (p<0.05). To sum up, residents of districts and counties in Hanzhong city have low health risk of benzo（a）pyrene intake through edible vegetable oil, but there is a certain cancer risk involved. Reducing the consumption of vegetable oil can assist in mitigating the associated risks.
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