Sodium Tungsten Oxide Bronze Nanowires Bundles in Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye under UV and Visible Light Exposure
Kunyapat Thummavichai,
Le Anh Thi,
Swee-Yong Pung,
Oluwafunmilola Ola,
Mian Zahid Hussain,
Yu Chen,
Fang Xu,
Wenting Chen,
Nannan Wang,
Yanqiu Zhu
Affiliations
Kunyapat Thummavichai
Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Le Anh Thi
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
Swee-Yong Pung
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
Oluwafunmilola Ola
Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Mian Zahid Hussain
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
Yu Chen
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
Fang Xu
Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Wenting Chen
Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Nannan Wang
Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Yanqiu Zhu
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
This paper describes the analysis and characterization of NayWOx bronze nanowires bundles and evaluation of their effective adsorption of methylene blue dye (MB). The Na-doped WOx bronze nanowires bundles were first synthesized via a simple solvothermal method, which were then fully characterized by using different techniques including TEM, XRD, XPS and UV-Vis, to validate the successful Na+ insertion into the WOx framework. The adsorption activities of the resulting NayWOx bronze nanowires bundles, compared with the undoped WOx form, were investigated by evaluating the adsorption effect on methylene blue under both UV and visible light irradiations. An enhanced adsorption performance of the Na-doped WOx bronze samples was recorded, which demonstrated a 90% of removal efficiency of the MB under different conditions (dark, visible and UV light). Moreover, the NayWOx bronze samples also offered a 4 times better kinetic rate of MB removal than the plain WOx nanowires.
