Identifying socio-cultural factors affecting physical activity in women residing in the slum areas of Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physical activity contributes to the prevention of many chronic illnesses and significantly reduces all-cause mortality. Moreover, the proportion of people globally who are active enough is low, especially in slum areas. METHODS: The PEN-3 model was utilized through focus group discussion (FGD) among 48 women who were over 18 years of age, resided in the slum areas of Sanandaj, Iran, in 2020, and were responsible for providing food for the family. After audiotaped conversations were transcribed, a content analysis was conducted. The study methods included the process of open coding and creating categories, grouping codes under higher-ordered headings, and formulating an overall description of the research issues via making abstract categories and subcategories. Every category was named using specific content-characteristic words and subcategories were then grouped into main categories. RESULTS: Data analysis yielded 3 domains regarding women’s perspectives toward physical activity. According to the PEN-3 model, the most important cultural impediments were perceptions (benefits of physical activity and lack of prioritization of health). Moreover, enablers (access to facilities, time, cost, and the role of the media), and nurturers (acceptance of group sports, lack of family support, and social stigma) were found to be important factors in having physical activity. CONCLUSION: A better understanding of cultural perceptions can help decision-makers in identifying the cultural appropriateness of interventions.

Keywords

• pen-3 model
• culture
• slum
• physical activity
• women