Effectiveness of Newtonian Heating on Magneto-Free Convective Flow of Polar Nanofluid across a Solid Sphere

Abstract

This paper explains the free convective flowing of micropolar nanofluid through a solid sphere with Newtonian heating and the magnetic field influence. Sets of partial differential equations are converted by using convenient transformations to ordinary differential equations. The system of similar and nonsimilar equations is solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF45) using MAPLE software (version 20).The numerical results are validated by comparison with previously published works, and excellent agreement is found between them. The influence of the magnetic field parameter, solid volume fraction, and micropolar parameter on velocity, temperature, and angular velocity profiles are shown graphically. In addition, both the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are also discussed. It is found that the skin friction increases with an increase in the solid volume fraction of both nanoparticles and Newtonian heating and micropolar parameters. In addition, the magnetic field reduces both the skin friction and the Nusselt number. Moreover, the solid volume fraction and Newtonian heating parameter enhance the Nusselt number.

Keywords

• natural convection
• Newtonian heating
• solid sphere
• magnetic field
• micropolar nanofluid