Metformin-induced mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic hepatic injury: case report and literature review

Abstract

Tarek Saadi,1–3 Matti Waterman,1–4 Heba Yassin,3 Yaacov Baruch1,41Liver Unit, 2Department of Gastroenterology, 3Department of Internal Medicine A, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; 4The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelIntroduction: Metformin is a first-line drug choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). Metformin-induced hepatotoxicity has rarely been reported. We report on a case of metformin-induced mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic liver injury in an elderly patient with DM-2 as well as review and summarize case reports of metformin hepatotoxicity available in English on the PubMed database.Case: After receiving metformin 850 mg/day for 2 weeks, a 78-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice. Laboratory analysis showed severe hepatocellular and cholestatic hepatic injury. Other causes for acute liver injury were ruled out. Discontinuation of metformin treatment led to significant subjective improvement after 1 week, and all hepatic abnormalities resolved by 2 months.Conclusion: Metformin is an important drug for the treatment of DM-2, which is also used for treatment of patients with fatty liver. It can, however, induce hepatocellular and cholestatic hepatic injury; both physicians and patients should be aware of this potential side effect.Keywords: metformin, hepatocellular liver injury, cholestasis, hepatotoxicity