FORMS OF RATIONALITY IN THE PHILOSOPHY BY M. FOUCAULT

Abstract

Purpose. The article examines the problem of explaining rational types of knowledge in modern philosophy. The concept of rationality is attached to the scientific-theoretical, phenomenological and cultural studies context. On the example of the works of M. Foucault historical forms of rationality are analyzed. Rational discourse is presented as a linguistic model that determines cognitive practice in politics, medicine, art, and education. Methodology. In order to study rational forms of knowledge, the article uses the structural method on the example of the opposition “words / things”, “visible / spoken”, “rationality / unrationality” etc. In the works of M. Foucault, each of these structures contains an unspoken, redundant and unstated residue of thought. Results. The article reveals the anthropological significance of classical and non-classical forms of rationality. Rationality is considered not as a scientific theoretical discourse, but as a cultural phenomenon. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in philosophical research on modern scientific methodology.

Keywords

• дискурс
• постструктурализм
• рациональность
• структурная оппозиция «слова/вещи»
• эпистема