FORMATION OF THE TOP MASS AND THE YIELDCAPACITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF NUTRITION IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies about the effectiveness of spring barley crop cultivation with modern retriever preparations in the background of mineral fertilizers carried out in 2013–2017 on the southern bleak soils in the Ukrainian Steppe. That the options for plant nutrition significantly influenced the growth and development of spring barley varieties. So the plants were distinguished by their maximum height during the cultivation on the background of mineral fertilization and the extracorporeal fertilization of crops during the vegetation period with the Escort – bio. The processes of accumulation of crude top soil mass by spring barley plants in 2013–2017 depended on a number of factors, in particular from the weather and climatic conditions of the year, the background of nutrition, and they were the most intensive in the period of the phase of the plants’ output in the tube to the earing earing. For the cultivation of spring barley, variety Aeneas by the accumulation of raw biomass of plants in the years of research was a bit more intensive than the Adapt and Stalkerverieties. On average, over the years of research, in the control of raw biomass of plants variety Aeneas in the phase milk grains –1013 g/m2, which is 49–118 g/m2 or by 4,8–11,6 % which is more compared to the raw mass of plants of the Adapt and Stalkerverieties. The same situation was observed in the variants of the experiment. The largest amount of raw top soil mass was formed by plant Aeneas vаriety. The mineral fertilizer yield for pre-sowing cultivation in a dose of N30P30 and post-root crop fertilization with Escort-bio – 1632 g/m2 in the phase milk grains. The maximum yield of barley varieties in all years of research was formed for cultivating by the applying a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and foliar application of crops with Organic D2 and Escort-bio. Thus, on average, over the years of research and in terms of the factor, the grain yield was 3,37–3,41 t/ha, which exceeded its level by fertilized control at 0,71–0,75 t/ha or 26,7–28,2 %, and in the background of making only mineral fertilizers – at 0,4 t/ha or 15,4 %. On average, duringthe years of research and by the factor of nutrition, the highest yield of the grain was formed by the plants of the Aeneas variety – 3,36 t/ha, which exceeded the Stalker variety by 0,21 t/ha or 6,3 %, and according to the Adapt variety – by 0,32 t/ha or 9,5 %.

Keywords

• spring barley
• variety
• plant nutrition
• modern retriever preparations
• crude top soil mass
• yield.